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Compare Cape Verde (2001) - Tajikistan (2006)

Compare Cape Verde (2001) z Tajikistan (2006)

 Cape Verde (2001)Tajikistan (2006)
 Cape VerdeTajikistan
Administrative divisions 14 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Fogo, Maio, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal; note - there may be a new administrative structure of 16 districts (Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Nicolau, Sao Filipe, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal) 2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor); Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* [Gorno-Badakhshan] (Khorugh), Viloyati Sughd (Khujand)


note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses
Age structure 0-14 years:
42.79% (male 87,458; female 85,895)

15-64 years:
50.76% (male 97,812; female 107,834)

65 years and over:
6.45% (male 10,204; female 15,960) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 37.9% (male 1,396,349/female 1,375,168)


15-64 years: 57.4% (male 2,091,476/female 2,108,889)


65 years and over: 4.8% (male 154,162/female 194,771) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports 8 (2000) 40 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total:
8

over 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
7 (2000)
total: 17


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 3 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 23


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 22 (2006)
Area total:
4,033 sq km

land:
4,033 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total: 143,100 sq km


land: 142,700 sq km


water: 400 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Rhode Island slightly smaller than Wisconsin
Background The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; they subsequently became a trading center for African slaves. Most Cape Verdeans descend from both groups. Independence was achieved in 1975. The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bolshevik control of the area was fiercely contested and not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and it is now in the process of strengthening its democracy and transitioning to a free market economy after its 1992-1997 civil war. There have been no major security incidents in recent years, although the country remains the poorest in the former Soviet sphere. Attention by the international community in the wake of the war in Afghanistan has brought increased economic development assistance, which could create jobs and increase stability in the long term. Tajikistan is in the early stages of seeking World Trade Organization membership and has joined NATO's Partnership for Peace.
Birth rate 28.71 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 32.65 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues:
$188 million

expenditures:
$228 million, including capital expenditures of $116 million (1996)
revenues: $442.3 million


expenditures: $542.6 million; including capital expenditures of $86 million (2005 est.)
Capital Praia name: Dushanbe


geographic coordinates: 38 35 N, 68 48 E


time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains
Coastline 965 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president 6 November 1994
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Cape Verde

conventional short form:
Cape Verde

local long form:
Republica de Cabo Verde

local short form:
Cabo Verde
conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan


conventional short form: Tajikistan


local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston


local short form: Tojikiston


former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
Currency Cape Verdean escudo (CVE) -
Death rate 7.19 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.25 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $260 million (2000) $888 million (2004 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Michael D. METELITS

embassy:
Rua Abilio Macedo 81, Praia

mailing address:
C. P. 201, Praia

telephone:
[238] 61 56 16

FAX:
[238] 61 13 55
chief of mission: Ambassador Tracey Ann JACOBSON


embassy: 109-A Ismoili Somoni Ave., Dushanbe 734003


mailing address: 7090 Dushanbe Place, Dulles, VA 20189


telephone: [992] (37) 229-20-00


FAX: [992] (37) 229-20-50
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Ferdinand Amilcar Spencer LOPES

chancery:
3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 965-6820

FAX:
[1] (202) 965-1207

consulate(s) general:
Boston
chief of mission: Ambassador Khamrokhon ZARIPOV


chancery: 1005 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037


telephone: [1] (202) 223-6090


FAX: [1] (202) 223-6091
Disputes - international none boundary agreements signed in 2002 cede 1,000 sq km of Pamir Mountain range to China in return for China relinquishing claims to 28,000 sq km of Tajikistani lands, but neither state has published maps of ceded areas and demarcation has not yet commenced; talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and remove minefields; disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan
Economic aid - recipient $111.3 million (1995) $67 million from US (2005)
Economy - overview Cape Verde's low per capita GDP reflects a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought. The economy is service-oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services accounting for almost 70% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of agriculture in GDP in 1998 was only 13%, of which fishing accounts for 1.5%. About 90% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by foreign aid and remittances from emigrants; remittances constitute a supplement to GDP of more than 20%. Economic reforms, launched by the new democratic government in 1991, are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Prospects for 2001 depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program. Tajikistan has one of the lowest per capita GDPs among the 15 former Soviet republics. Only 6% of the land area is arable; cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The civil war (1992-97) severely damaged the already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Even though 64% of its people continue to live in abject poverty, Tajikistan has experienced steady economic growth since 1997, but experienced a slight drop in its growth rate to 8% in 2005 from 10.6% in 2004. Continued privatization of medium and large state-owned enterprises would further increase productivity. Tajikistan's economic situation, however, remains fragile due to uneven implementation of structural reforms, weak governance, widespread unemployment, and the external debt burden. A debt restructuring agreement was reached with Russia in December 2002, including a $250 million write-off of Tajikistan's $300 million debt to Russia. Tajikistan ranks third in the world in terms of water resources per head. A proposed investment to finish the hydropower dams Rogun and Sangtuda would substantially add to electricity production. If finished, Rogun will be the world's tallest dam.
Electricity - consumption 37.2 million kWh (1999) 15.05 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 3.874 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 4.81 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - production 40 million kWh (1999) 16.5 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island)
lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m


highest point: Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m
Environment - current issues overgrazing of livestock and improper land use such as the cultivation of crops on steep slopes has led to soil erosion; demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles; overfishing inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1% Tajik 79.9%, Uzbek 15.3%, Russian 1.1%, Kyrgyz 1.1%, other 2.6% (2000 census)
Exchange rates Cape Verdean escudos per US dollar - 123.080 (December 2000), 115.877 (2000), 102.700 (1999), 98.158 (1998), 93.177 (1997), 82.591 (1996) Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 3.1166 (2005), 2.9705 (2004), 3.0614 (2003), 2.7641 (2002), 2.3722 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Pedro PIRES (since 22 March 2001)

head of government:
Prime Minister Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 1 February 1991)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister from among the members of the National Assembly

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 11 and 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA February 2006); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president

election results:
Pedro PIRES elected president; percent of vote - Pedro PIRES (PAICV) 49.43%, Carlos VIEGA (MPD) 49.42%; note: the election was won by only twelve votes
chief of state: President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)


head of government: Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly


elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 6 November 2006 (next to be held November 2013); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Emomali RAHMONOV reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMONOV 76.4%, Olimzon BOBOYEV 7.2%, other 16.4%
Exports $40 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities fuel, shoes, garments, fish, bananas, hides aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles
Exports - partners Portugal, UK, Germany, Spain, France, Malaysia Netherlands 46.6%, Turkey 15.8%, Russia 9.1%, Uzbekistan 7.3%, Latvia 4.9%, Iran 4% (2005)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe
GDP purchasing power parity - $670 million (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
13%

industry:
19%

services:
68% (1998)
agriculture: 23.4%


industry: 28.6%


services: 48% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 6% (2000 est.) 6.7% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 16 00 N, 24 00 W 39 00 N, 71 00 E
Geography - note strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site landlocked; mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR
Highways total:
1,100 km

paved:
858 km

unpaved:
242 km (1996)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 3.2%


highest 10%: 25.2% (1998)
Illicit drugs used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Africa destined for Western Europe major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; Tajikistan seizes roughly 80% of all drugs captured in Central Asia and stands third worldwide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw opium)
Imports $250 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs
Imports - partners Portugal, Netherlands, France, UK, Spain, US Russia 19.3%, Kazakhstan 12.7%, Uzbekistan 11.5%, Azerbaijan 8.6%, China 7%, Ukraine 6.2%, Romania 4.6%, Turkmenistan 4% (2005)
Independence 5 July 1975 (from Portugal) 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 8.2% (2002 est.)
Industries food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair aluminum, zinc, lead; chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers
Infant mortality rate 53.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 106.49 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 117.83 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 94.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 4% (2000) 7.1% (2005 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) AsDB, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 1,500 to 2,000 hectares (1999) 7,220 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Labor force NA 3.7 million (2003)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture: 67.2%


industry: 7.5%


services: 25.3% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 3,651 km


border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km
Land use arable land:
11%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
6%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
83% (1993 est.)
arable land: 6.52%


permanent crops: 0.89%


other: 92.59% (2005)
Languages Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words) Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business
Legal system derived from the legal system of Portugal based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA December 2005)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PAICV 47.3%, MPD 39.8%, ADM 6%, other 6.9%; seats by party - PAICV 40, MPD 30, ADM 2
bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (34 seats; members are indirectly elected, 25 selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; 1 seat reserved for the former president; all serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 27 February and 13 March 2005 for the Assembly of Representatives (next to be held February 2010) and 25 March 2005 for the National Assembly (next to be held February 2010)


election results: Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 74.9%, CPT 13.6%, Islamic Revival Party 8.9%, other 2.5%; seats by party - PDPT 51, CPT 5, Islamic Revival Party 2, independents 5; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PDPT 29, CPT 2, independents 3
Life expectancy at birth total population:
69.21 years

male:
65.93 years

female:
72.6 years (2001 est.)
total population: 64.94 years


male: 62.03 years


female: 68 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
71.6%

male:
81.4%

female:
63.8% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99.4%


male: 99.6%


female: 99.1% (2003 est.)
Location Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal Central Asia, west of China
Map references World Asia
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,523 GRT/11,798 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 4, chemical tanker 1 (2000 est.)
-
Military branches Army, Coast Guard/Marines Ground Troops, Air and Air Defense Troops, Mobile Troops (2005)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $4 million (FY96) $35.4 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.8% (FY96) 3.9% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
89,543 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
50,615 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 5 July (1975) Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)
Nationality noun:
Cape Verdean(s)

adjective:
Cape Verdean
noun: Tajikistani(s)


adjective: Tajikistani
Natural hazards prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure visibility; volcanically and seismically active earthquakes and floods
Natural resources salt, basalt rock, pozzuolana (a siliceous volcanic ash used to produce hydraulic cement), limestone, kaolin, fish hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold
Net migration rate -12.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -2.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines - gas 549 km; oil 38 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change or ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID); Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Jacinto SANTOS, president]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Antonio Gualberto do ROSARIO, president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Dr. Oresimo SILVEIRA, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM, president]; Union for an Independent Democratic Cape Verde or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO, president] Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Amir KARAKULOV]; Democratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV]; Islamic Revival Party [Said Abdullo NURI]; Party of Economic Reform or PER [Olimjon BOBOYEV]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Social Democratic Party or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOYIROV]; Socialist Party or SPT [Abdualim GHAFFOROV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA unregistered political parties: Agrarian Party [Hikmatullo NASREDDINOV]; Party of Justice [Abdurahim KARIMOV]; People's Unity Party [Abdumalik ABDULLOJONOV]; Progressive Party [Sulton QUVVATOV]; Socialist Party [Mirhuseyn NAZRIYEV]; note - this is the SPT that was disbanded, another pro-government SPT (listed above under political parties) replaced it; Unity Party [Hikmatullo SAIDOV]
Population 405,163 (July 2001 est.) 7,320,815 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 64% (2004 est.)
Population growth rate 0.92% (2001 est.) 2.19% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal -
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 11 (and 14 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998) AM 8, FM 10, shortwave 2 (2002)
Radios 73,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km total: 482 km


broad gauge: 482 km 1.520-m gauge (2005)
Religions Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs); Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene) Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi'a Muslim 5%, other 10% (2003 est.)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.91 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.64 male(s)/female

total population:
0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
effective system, being improved

domestic:
interisland microwave radio relay system with both analog and digital exchanges; work is in progress on a submarine fiber-optic cable system which was scheduled for completion in 1998

international:
2 coaxial submarine cables; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not linked to the national network


domestic: cable and microwave radio relay


international: country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat
Telephones - main lines in use 45,644 (2000) 245,200 (2004)
Telephones - mobile cellular 19,729 (1997) 265,000 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) 13 (2001)
Terrain steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest
Total fertility rate 4.05 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate 24% (1999 est.) 12% (2004 est.)
Waterways none 200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2006)
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